Millions of households across the United States rely on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to put food on the table each month. While this program offers critical support, many families mistakenly believe that once they are approved, the assistance is permanent. In reality, continued eligibility for SNAP depends on several important factors, and understanding them can make all the difference.
SNAP: A Federal Program with State-Level Rules
SNAP is a federally funded program run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). However, the day-to-day administration is handled by individual states. This decentralized structure means that although SNAP has national guidelines, states are responsible for setting many of the rules, leading to differences in procedures, eligibility criteria, and renewal processes.
For example, when households are actively certified, SNAP funds are automatically deposited each month onto an Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) card. But this does not mean the support lasts indefinitely — beneficiaries must continue to meet program requirements to stay enrolled.
Resource Limits: What Counts and What Doesn’t
To qualify for SNAP, families must meet both income and resource tests. But not all resources count equally when determining eligibility.
Here’s a summary of key limits:
- Most households can have up to $3,000 in countable assets, such as cash or funds in bank accounts.
- If a household includes a person who is 60 years or older or living with a disability, the limit increases to $4,500.
- These limits are updated annually to reflect economic changes.
Importantly, some resources are exempt and do not count toward these limits, including:
✅ The home and land where the family lives.
✅ Resources of individuals already receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
✅ Resources of individuals receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), also known as welfare.
✅ Most retirement and pension plans, although regular withdrawals could be considered income.
Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility (BBCE): A Flexible Path
Many states apply a more flexible standard called broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). Under this rule, households that might otherwise exceed income or resource limits can still qualify for SNAP if they receive some form of state-funded assistance, typically through TANF.
This flexibility allows states to expand SNAP access to more low-income families, especially those who may be struggling but don’t fit the narrow federal definitions.
Beyond Money: Employment and Other Conditions
Meeting the financial requirements alone is not enough. SNAP applicants must also meet non-financial criteria, such as:
- Employment or participation in work programs.
- Compliance with time limits for certain groups, like able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs).
- Reporting changes in household circumstances, such as income, address, or family size, within required timeframes.
Failure to comply with these requirements can result in benefit reductions or termination.
Why Understanding SNAP Rules Matters
The SNAP program is a lifeline for millions, but it comes with rules and deadlines that require active attention from participants. Knowing what resources count, understanding how state rules work, and staying up to date with recertification processes are essential steps to avoid unexpected loss of benefits.
By staying informed, families can ensure they continue receiving the support they need during challenging times.
